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Name	Size	Permission	Date
Attribute	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
B	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
CPAN	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-10-21 19:01
Class	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Compress	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-06-30 01:15
Config	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
DBM_Filter	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Devel	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
ExtUtils	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
File	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Getopt	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
I18N	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
IO	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
IPC	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Locale	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-14 07:30
Math	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Memoize	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Module	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Net	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Pod	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Search	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Term	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Text	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Thread	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Tie	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
Time	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
URI	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2025-10-21 18:27
Unicode	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
User	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
encoding	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
overload	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
pod	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
unicore	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
vendor_perl	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-14 07:29
warnings	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2026-09-15 01:15
AnyDBM_File.pm	2.56 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
AutoLoader.pm	15.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
AutoSplit.pm	19.18 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
Benchmark.pm	30.3 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
CORE.pod	3.11 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
DB.pm	18.48 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
DBM_Filter.pm	14.05 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
DirHandle.pm	1.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
Dumpvalue.pm	17.14 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
English.pm	4.65 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
FileCache.pm	5.44 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
FileHandle.pm	6.63 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
FindBin.pm	4.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
Internals.pod	2.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
Memoize.pm	35.34 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:30
NEXT.pm	18.4 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
PerlIO.pm	10.21 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
Safe.pm	24.49 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
SelectSaver.pm	1.05 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
SelfLoader.pm	17.28 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:30
Symbol.pm	4.69 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
Test.pm	29.35 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:30
Thread.pm	8.09 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
UNIVERSAL.pm	6.44 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
URI.pm	33.97 KB	-rw-r--r--	2018-01-09 06:42
XSLoader.pm	11 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
_charnames.pm	32.39 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
autouse.pm	4.14 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
base.pm	10.72 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
blib.pm	2.04 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
bytes.pm	3.67 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
bytes_heavy.pl	758 B	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
charnames.pm	20.38 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
deprecate.pm	3.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
diagnostics.pm	18.59 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
dumpvar.pl	15.19 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
feature.pm	16.68 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
fields.pm	9.27 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
filetest.pm	3.91 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
if.pm	3.26 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
integer.pm	3.18 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
less.pm	3.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
locale.pm	4.74 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
meta_notation.pm	2.07 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
open.pm	7.83 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:30
overload.pm	52.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
overloading.pm	1.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
perl5db.pl	309 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
sigtrap.pm	7.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
sort.pm	5.94 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
strict.pm	4.63 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
subs.pm	848 B	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
utf8.pm	8.9 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
utf8_heavy.pl	30.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
vars.pm	2.36 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
vmsish.pm	4.21 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29
warnings.pm	43.71 KB	-rw-r--r--	2026-09-14 07:29

Rename

package AnyDBM_File;
use warnings;
use strict;

use 5.006_001;
our $VERSION = '1.01';
our @ISA = qw(NDBM_File DB_File GDBM_File SDBM_File ODBM_File) unless @ISA;

my $mod;
for $mod (@ISA) {
    if (eval "require $mod") {
	@ISA = ($mod);	# if we leave @ISA alone, warnings abound
	return 1;
    }
}

die "No DBM package was successfully found or installed";

__END__

=head1 NAME

AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs

NDBM_File, DB_File, GDBM_File, SDBM_File, ODBM_File - various DBM implementations

=head1 SYNOPSIS

use AnyDBM_File;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module is a "pure virtual base class"--it has nothing of its own.
It's just there to inherit from one of the various DBM packages.  It
prefers ndbm for compatibility reasons with Perl 4, then Berkeley DB (See
L<DB_File>), GDBM, SDBM (which is always there--it comes with Perl), and
finally ODBM.   This way old programs that used to use NDBM via dbmopen()
can still do so, but new ones can reorder @ISA:

BEGIN { @AnyDBM_File::ISA = qw(DB_File GDBM_File NDBM_File) }
    use AnyDBM_File;

Having multiple DBM implementations makes it trivial to copy database formats:

use Fcntl; use NDBM_File; use DB_File;
    tie %newhash,  'DB_File', $new_filename, O_CREAT|O_RDWR;
    tie %oldhash,  'NDBM_File', $old_filename, 1, 0;
    %newhash = %oldhash;

=head2 DBM Comparisons

Here's a partial table of features the different packages offer:

odbm    ndbm    sdbm    gdbm    bsd-db
			 ----	 ----    ----    ----    ------
 Linkage comes w/ perl   yes     yes     yes     yes     yes
 Src comes w/ perl       no      no      yes     no      no
 Comes w/ many unix os   yes     yes[0]  no      no      no
 Builds ok on !unix      ?       ?       yes     yes     ?
 Code Size               ?       ?       small   big     big
 Database Size           ?       ?       small   big?    ok[1]
 Speed                   ?       ?       slow    ok      fast
 FTPable                 no      no      yes     yes     yes
 Easy to build          N/A     N/A      yes     yes     ok[2]
 Size limits             1k      4k      1k[3]   none    none
 Byte-order independent  no      no      no      no      yes
 Licensing restrictions  ?       ?       no      yes     no

=over 4

=item [0]

on mixed universe machines, may be in the bsd compat library,
which is often shunned.

=item [1]

Can be trimmed if you compile for one access method.

=item [2]

See L<DB_File>. 
Requires symbolic links.

=item [3]

By default, but can be redefined.

=back

=head1 SEE ALSO

dbm(3), ndbm(3), DB_File(3), L<perldbmfilter>

=cut